钢管桩与混凝土芯粘结力及抗弯应力传递模拟试验研究

依托深圳蛇口集装箱码头二期工程,进行了钢管桩与混凝土芯粘结力及抗弯应力传递模拟试验,对试验结果进行理论分析,讨论了不同搭接长度和不同UEA掺量对钢管桩与混凝土芯单位粘结力的影响;推导出纯弯矩作用下,混凝土芯与钢管粘结段粘结长度的计算公式。为类似工程提供方法指导和理论依据。     

采用喷风冷却工艺提高淬火钢轨性能的研究

钢轨喷风淬火工艺采用单一的冷却介质压缩空气,使淬火冷却均匀性得到提高,而且不受钢轨表面状态对淬火质量的影响,便于生产管理。由于在冷却装置中加入侧面喷风冷却,淬火硬度分布更合理,有利于提高淬火钢轨抗侧磨能力。线路铺设使用也表明,喷风淬火钢轨比喷雾淬火钢轨具有更好的抗剥离性。根据目前国内淬火线生产状况,提出调整钢轨的成分和采用喷风冷却工艺是当前迫切需要解决的问题。     

超长重载列车纵向力影响规律仿真研究

建立超长重载列车纵向动力学仿真模型,并利用大秦线3万t重载组合列车长大下坡道制动试验数据对其进行验证;分析超长重载列车平直道制动工况时列车编组长度、机车无线同步控制延迟时间,以及长大下坡道常用全制动时坡度差、车钩间隙和ECP制动控制技术对纵向力的影响规律。结果表明:正常情况下,4万~12万t超长重载组合列车编组长度对平直道常用全制动和紧急制动时列车最大纵向压钩力影响较小,均未超过2250 kN的安全限值;超长重载列车在平直道紧急制动时,同步控制延迟时间超过5 s时列车最大纵向压钩力达到1200 kN,但仍未超过安全限值;长大下坡道中坡度差对超长重载列车最大纵向压钩力影响较大,在60 km·h-1速度进行常用全制动且纵向力不超安全限值2250 kN的条件下,4万t超长重载列车允许的长大下坡道最大坡度差为13‰,10万t仅为5‰;超长列车采用新型无间隙车钩和ECP制动技术对减少变坡区段常用全制动时的列车最大纵向压钩力不明显。     

功率循环测试中衬底焊接层的可靠性

基板与陶瓷衬底之间的焊层寿命通常利用IGBT模块的被动加热和冷却(热循环)来测试,但这种试验会引起焊层失效(分层)。实际应用中,IGBT和二极管芯片是主动被加热的,诸如焊线脱落等其它模式的失效也会限制使用寿命,通常可通过功率循环试验来评估这种应力的影响。本文通过功率循环试验来评估衬底焊层的失效,利用高循环周次的测试进行有效的衬底焊层热循环试验,其关键在于功率循环过程中焊层温度的预测。在温度波动不大的条件下,比较了被动热循环和主动功率循环时对焊接寿命的影响。     

城市轨道交通车辆受电弓弓头安全宽度的计算

分析了城市轨道交通车辆在直线段和曲线段中受电弓弓头的偏移影响因素以及接触线的受风偏移现象.根据比较车辆处于直线段和曲线段时的受电弓与接触线之间相对距离来确定受电弓弓头宽度的合理安全宽度,并设计了“城市轨道交通车辆受电弓宽度参数计算软件”.     

Dynamic stride length adaptation according to utility and personal space

Pedestrians adjust both speed and stride length when they navigate difficult situations such as tight corners or dense crowds. They try to avoid collisions and to preserve their personal space. State-of-the-art pedestrian motion models automatically reduce speed in dense crowds simply because there is no space where the pedestrians could go. The stride length and its correct adaptation, however, are rarely considered. This leads to artefacts that impact macroscopic observation parameters such as densities in front of bottlenecks and, through this, flow. Hence modelling stride adaptation is important to increase the predictive power of pedestrian models. To achieve this we reformulate the problem as an optimisation problem on a disk around the pedestrian. Each pedestrian seeks the position that is most attractive in a sense of balanced goals between the search for targets, the need for individual space and the need to keep a distance from obstacles. The need for space is modelled according to findings from psychology defining zones around a person that, when invaded, cause unease. The result is a fully automatic adjustment that allows calibration through meaningful social parameters and that gives visually natural results with an excellent fit to measured experimental data.     

多车道高速公路出口开口段安全特性分析

为研究不同断面形式下的多车道高速公路出口影响区开口长度及流量与交通安全的关系，针对2种断面形式的高速公路出口，分别设计了3种不同的开口长度，结合3种不同流量条件设计了18个不同的驾驶模拟场景。实验招募30名被试者开展模拟驾驶实验，提取不同开口长度及流量条件下各断面形式高速公路出口的车辆行驶轨迹、换道间隙的选择、减速度、最小 TTC (Time to Collision)等驾驶行为特性参数，综合分析基于驾驶行为数据对不同开口长度的行车风险。结果表明：两种断面形式下，开口长度对于车辆在开口段上的换道点选择存在显著影响；两种断面形式下，1500 m的开口长度能够满足绝大多数驾驶人的换道需求；在换道间隙选择中，大都集中在5~6 s，分离式断面下的开口长度对于低于临界间隙的换道间隙出现的频次具有显著影响；流量及开口长度对于最大减速度及TTC最小值和分布位置均不存在显著性影响，但分离式断面下的最大减速度和最小TTC相较于整体式断面更小；此外，整体式断面中内侧3车道的行车风险低于分离式断面，分离式断面中外侧车道的行车风险低于整体式断面。     

路侧公交专用车道模式下右转交织长度建模

在设置路侧公交专用道的交叉口处,可通过划定交织区的方式允许右转车辆借用一定长度的公交专用道通行.合理规划公交车与右转车的交织区长度有利于提高借道右转的通行效率,减少在交织区前的排队车辆数从而降低道路混乱程度,保障公交车的专用路权.本文分析了公交站点影响下的公交车车头时距分布,建立了右转车穿越交织区长度计算模型,并结合实际调查数据进行了算例分析和模型验证.研究成果可为公交优先条件下的交叉口空间优化设计提供理论参考.     

The symmetric intersection design and traffic control optimization

It is well recognized that the left-turning movement reduces the intersection capacity significantly, because exclusive left turn phases are needed to discharge left turn vehicles only. This paper proposes the concept of Left-Hand Traffic (LHT) arterial, on where vehicles follow left-hand traffic rules as in England and India. The unconventional intersection where a LHT arterial intersects with a Right-Hand Traffic (RHT) arterial is named as symmetric intersection. It is only need three basic signal phases to separate all conflicts at symmetric intersection, while it at least need four signal phases at a conventional intersection. So, compared with the conventional intersection, the symmetric intersection can provide longer green time for the left-turning and the through movement, which can increase the capacity significantly. Through-movement waiting areas (TWAs) can be set at the symmetric intersection effectively, which can increase the capacity and short the cycle length furthermore. And the symmetric intersection is Channelized to improve the safety of TWAs. The Binary-Mixed-Integer-Linear-Programming (BMILP) model is employed to formulate the capacity maximization problem and signal cycle length minimization problem of the symmetric intersection. The BMILP model can be solved by standard branch-and-bound algorithms efficiently and outputs the lane allocation, signal timing decisions, and other decisions. Experiments analysis shows that the symmetric intersection with TWAs can increase the capacity and short the signal cycle length.     

装配式码头灌浆连接节点压弯性能试验研究

对3组装配式码头灌浆连接节点试件进行压弯试验,研究不同灌浆长度和灌浆厚度下灌浆节点的压弯承载力、延性和破坏模式。结果表明,灌浆节点试件具有较好的延性和较高的承载力,灌浆节点受压弯荷载的破坏模式为钢管的压屈破坏;压弯构件的极限承载力随着灌浆长度的增大而增大;灌浆厚度的变化对构件的承载力影响不大,但灌浆厚度增大可以提高灌浆体底部的抗裂能力,建议实际应用时适当增大灌浆厚度。